About This Chapter
This exam preparation set covers assessing your grasp of subjects like the sources of variability. Organizes a group of provides True/False questions featuring accurate responses, comprehensive explanations, and key term definitions arranged by challenge levels including verified answers, thorough explanations, and definitional guides. Quick answer verification with comprehensive explanations facilitates optimal learning and study efficiency.
The learning goals consist of the following:
✓ Summarize the influence of genes on human development.
Question 1
________ is the way an individual's genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics.
- RNA
- DNA
- A phenotype
- A stereotype
Correct Answer:
A phenotype
Glossary:
Phenotype: The way an individual’s genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics.
Question 2
Marly describes her friend Gina as having blond hair, green eyes, and fair skin with freckles. Marly has described Gina's
- genotype.
- genetic imprint.
- phenotype.
- X-linked inheritance.
Correct Answer:
phenotype.
Glossary:
Phenotype: The way an individual’s genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics.
Question 3
Phenotypes include ________ and ________ characteristics.
- physical; environmental
- conscious; subconscious
- biological; ecological
- physical; psychological
Correct Answer:
physical; psychological
Glossary:
Phenotype: The way an individual’s genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics.
Question 4
Vanda's genetic heritage comprising her actual genetic material makes up her
- phenotype.
- metabolome.
- genotype.
- proteome.
Correct Answer:
genotype.
Glossary:
Genotype: A person’s genetic heritage; the actual genetic material.
Question 5
Emma and Anna are identical twins who were adopted by different families a few weeks after their birth. Although genetically identical, they grew up with different physical and psychological characteristics. For example, though both inherited a tendency to grow large, Anna was slim and athletic because of the active lifestyle practiced in her adoptive family. This variability can be explained by how
- each zygote is unique.
- longevity genes can make an individual less vulnerable to certain diseases.
- for each genotype, a range of phenotypes can be expressed.
- mutated genes can be a source of genetic variability.
Correct Answer:
for each genotype, a range of phenotypes can be expressed.
Glossary:
Genotype: A person’s genetic heritage; the actual genetic material.
Question 6
________ develop from a single zygote that splits into two genetically matching replicas, each of which becomes a person.
- Triplets
- Identical twins
- Fraternal twins
- Quadruplets
Correct Answer:
Identical twins
Glossary:
Zygote: A single cell formed through fertilization.
Question 7
Erin, a 90-year-old, is healthy and leads an active lifestyle. Most of her relatives have lived to an old age. Researchers have found that Erin's family carries genes related to stress resistance, immunity, and metabolism that help extend life by repairing and protecting body tissues. In this scenario, which of the following genes is most likely responsible for Erin living to an old age?
- susceptibility genes
- longevity genes
- complimentary genes
- mutated genes
Correct Answer:
longevity genes
Glossary:
Genes: Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes help cells to reproduce themselves and help manufacture the proteins that maintain life.
Question 8
Combining the genes of two parents in offspring increases ________ in the population, which is valuable for a species because it provides more characteristics for natural selection to operate on.
- the number of males
- the number of females
- genetic variability
- genetic uniformity
Correct Answer:
genetic variability
Glossary:
Genes: Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes help cells to reproduce themselves and help manufacture the proteins that maintain life.
Question 9
________ genes are those that make an individual less vulnerable to certain diseases and more likely to live to an older age.
- Susceptibility
- Longevity
- Vulnerability
- Mutated
Correct Answer:
Longevity
Glossary:
Genes: Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes help cells to reproduce themselves and help manufacture the proteins that maintain life.
Question 10
________ genes are those that make an individual more vulnerable to specific diseases or accelerated aging.
- Susceptibility
- Longevity
- Vulnerability
- Mutated
Correct Answer:
Susceptibility
Question 11
A mistake by the cellular machinery, or damage from an environmental agent such as radiation, may produce a ________, which is a permanently altered segment of DNA.
- susceptibility gene
- vulnerability gene
- longevity gene
- mutated gene
Correct Answer:
mutated gene
Glossary:
DNA: A complex molecule that contains genetic information.
Question 12
Jerome and Tyrone are fraternal twins. This means that they developed from
- a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm.
- a single egg that was fertilized by two different sperms.
- two eggs that were fertilized by a single sperm.
- two eggs that were fertilized by two different sperms.
Correct Answer:
two eggs that were fertilized by two different sperms.
Glossary:
Fertilization: A stage in reproduction when an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote.
Question 13
Melody and Harmony are identical twins. This means that they developed from
- a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm.
- a single egg that was fertilized by two different sperms.
- two eggs that were fertilized by a single sperm.
- two eggs that were fertilized by two different sperms.
Correct Answer:
a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm.
Glossary:
Fertilization: A stage in reproduction when an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote.
Question 14
Carla is diagnosed with breast cancer. She informs her doctor that her mother and her grandmother have also had breast cancer. The doctor explains to Carla that she has specific genes that make her more vulnerable to breast cancer and that she is genetically predisposed to develop the disease. In this scenario, these genes are known as
- susceptibility genes.
- conditional lethal genes.
- complementary genes.
- duplicate genes.
Correct Answer:
susceptibility genes.
Question 15
For each genotype, a range of ________ can be expressed, thus providing a source of variability.
- genetic imprints
- phenotypes
- karyotypes
- monotypes
Correct Answer:
phenotypes