Genetic testing has found that Gary, Ben, Tara, and Matt all carry a copy of a gene for hemophilia. However, Tara, who is the only female out of the four, does not show any signs of the disease, whereas Gary, Ben, and Matt have developed the disease. In this scenario, it can be inferred that hemophilia is most likely a(n)
- X-linked disease.
- sex-linked chromosomal abnormality.
- gene-linked abnormality.
- autosomal dominant disorder.
________ occurs when the expression of a gene has different effects depending on whether the mother or the father passed on the gene.
- Polygenic inheritance
- X-linked inheritance
- Genetic imprinting
- Y-linked inheritance
Indulgent Parenting: A style of parenting in which parents are highly involved with their children but place few demands or controls on them. Indulgent parenting is associated with children’s social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control.
Which of the following conditions is due to an X-linked inheritance?
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
- hemophilia
- Wilms tumor
- diabetes
Most individuals who have X-linked diseases are males because
- males have only one copy of the X chromosome.
- the diseases are triggered by the male sex hormone, testosterone.
- males have an extra Y chromosome.
- males have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY.
Chromosomes: Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, with one member of each pair coming from each parent. Chromosomes contain the genetic substance DNA.
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is a growth disorder that is most likely a result of ________ gone awry.
- genetic imprinting
- polygenic inheritance
- sex-linked genes
- chromosomes
Indulgent Parenting: A style of parenting in which parents are highly involved with their children but place few demands or controls on them. Indulgent parenting is associated with children’s social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control.
Scientists have found that certain genes become turned on or off as a result of exercise mainly through a process called ________, in which tiny atoms attached themselves to the outside of a gene.
- genotyping
- methylation
- glycolysis
- hydroxylation
Myelination: The process by which the nerve cells are covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells, which increases the speed at which information travels through the nervous system.
Females who have one abnormal copy of a mutated gene on the X chromosome are known as
- inhibitors.
- patients.
- carriers.
- promoters.
Which of the following statements is true of the activity of genes?
- Genes are not collaborative.
- A single gene codes for a single, specific protein.
- Genetic expression is unaffected by environmental factors.
- Events that occur inside of the cell can excite or inhibit genetic expression.
Genes: Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes help cells to reproduce themselves and help manufacture the proteins that maintain life.
In the context of approaches to gene identification and discovery, ________ refers to the vast increase in genetic data generated at a much reduced cost and in a much shorter period than in the past.
- next-generation sequencing
- linkage analysis
- the Thousand Genomes Project
- the genome-wide association method
Generational Inequity: The view that our aging society is being unfair to its younger members because older adults pile up advantages by receiving inequitably large allocations of resources.
In the context of approaches to gene identification and discovery, ________, in which the goal is to discover the location of a gene (or genes) in relation to a marker gene (whose position is already known), is often used to search for disease-related genes.
- the Thousand Genomes Project
- genome-wide association
- linkage analysis
- next-generation sequencing
Genes: Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes help cells to reproduce themselves and help manufacture the proteins that maintain life.
________ are the building blocks of cells as well as the regulators that direct the body's processes.
- Genes
- Proteins
- Ribosomes
- DNA
Adam, who has a cardiovascular disease, participated in a research study to identify genetic variations linked to cardiovascular disease. His DNA, along with DNA from other patients suffering from the same cardiovascular disease, was obtained. For the purpose of comparison, the researchers also took DNA samples from participants who did not have the disease. Each participant's DNA was assessed to determine markers of genetic variation. The researchers found that genetic variations occurred more frequently in people who had the cardiovascular disease. This led them to pinpoint the region in the human genome linked to the disease. Which of the following approaches to gene identification and discovery did the researchers use in this study?
- next-generation sequencing
- linkage analysis
- the Thousand Genomes Project
- the genome-wide association method
DNA: A complex molecule that contains genetic information.
The nucleus of each human cell contains ________, which are threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
- mitochondria
- ribosomes
- chromosomes
- mesosomes
Chromosomes: Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, with one member of each pair coming from each parent. Chromosomes contain the genetic substance DNA.
________, the units of hereditary information, are short segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They help cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins.
- Genes
- Chromosomes
- RNA
- Ribosomes
Genes: Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes help cells to reproduce themselves and help manufacture the proteins that maintain life.
________ is a complex molecule with a double helix shape, like a spiral staircase, and contains genetic information.
- RNA
- A chromosome
- DNA
- A ribosome
DNA: A complex molecule that contains genetic information.
A fertilized human egg cannot grow into a crocodile, duck, or fish specifically because of
- social influence.
- environmental influence.
- adaptive behavior.
- genetic code.
Epigenetic View: Emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment.
While studying a sample for height differences, researchers observed that the height of the participants varied significantly regardless of whether the participants' parents were short or tall. This suggests that the physical characteristic of height is most likely an example of
- niche-picking.
- X-linked inheritance.
- genetic imprinting.
- polygenic inheritance.
Behavior Genetics: The field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development.