About This Chapter
This assessment bank explores supplying test content addressing areas such as the developmentally appropriate practice, the early childhood education, the executive function, the exercise, the fine motor skills and the gross motor skills. Includes thoughtfully prepared provides examination questions including accurate solutions, comprehensive reasoning, and key term guides supported by verified answers and in-depth explanatory guidance. Quick answer verification with comprehensive explanations facilitates optimal learning and study efficiency.
The learning goals consist of the following:
✓ Evaluate different approaches to early childhood education.
✓ Describe the major theories of cognitive development in early childhood.
✓ Summarize physical changes in early childhood.
Question 1
In the context of early childhood education, developmentally appropriate practice emphasizes
- the importance of creating settings that encourage active learning and reflect children's interests and capabilities.
- the education of the whole child and concern for his or her physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development.
- the importance of giving children considerable freedom in choosing activities and allowing them to move from one activity to another as they desire.
- the content of learning rather than the process of learning.
Correct Answer:
the importance of creating settings that encourage active learning and reflect children's interests and capabilities.
Glossary:
Affordances: Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform functional activities.
Question 2
________ is based on knowledge of the typical progress of a child within an age span as well as the uniqueness of the child.
- The child-centered kindergarten
- Developmentally appropriate practice
- The Montessori approach
- The success-oriented approach
Correct Answer:
Developmentally appropriate practice
Question 3
The Reggio Emilia approach is a(n)
- nutrition program for young children.
- educational program for young children.
- program for training kindergarten and elementary school teachers.
- parenting education program.
Correct Answer:
educational program for young children.
Question 4
Nurturing is a key aspect of ________, which emphasizes the education of the whole child and concern for his or her physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development.
- the child-centered kindergarten
- the Montessori approach
- developmentally appropriate practice
- the Reggio Emilia approach
Correct Answer:
the child-centered kindergarten
Glossary:
Child-Centered Kindergarten: Education that involves the whole child by considering both the child’s physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development and the child’s needs, interests, and learning styles.
Question 5
Executive function involves ________.
- managing one's thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control
- learning difficult tasks with guidance and assistance from adults or more-skilled children
- focusing attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others
- building memories of significant events and experiences in one's life
Correct Answer:
managing one's thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control
Glossary:
Executive Function: An umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the brain’s prefrontal cortex. Executive function involves managing one’s thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and to exercise self-control.
Question 6
According to Benson and Sabbagh (2017), ________ describes several operations, such as inhibition and planning, that are important for flexible, future-oriented behavior and are also connected to theory of mind development.
- operational thought
- sustained attention
- executive function
- intuitive reasoning
Correct Answer:
executive function
Glossary:
Executive Function: An umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the brain’s prefrontal cortex. Executive function involves managing one’s thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and to exercise self-control.
Question 7
Recently, four expert panels from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States issued physical activity guidelines for young children that were quite similar (Pate & others, 2015). The guidelines recommend that young children engage in about ________ of physical activity per day total.
- half an hour
- 3 hours
- 15 minutes
- 4 hours
Correct Answer:
3 hours
Question 8
Studies by Powers and Dodd in 2017 and Powers and Howley in 2018 show that a child's life should center around ________.
- meals
- activities
- discipline
- education
Correct Answer:
activities
Glossary:
Activity Theory: The theory that the more active and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives.
Question 9
Jim, a 3-year-old boy, gets a box of colorful blocks as a birthday gift from his uncle. He is excited to see the gift and demands to play with the blocks immediately. In the context of physical and cognitive development in early childhood, when playing with the blocks, Jim is most likely to
- place each block on top of the other with intense concentration.
- stack each block on top of the other in a completely straight line.
- find it impossible to pick up the blocks.
- juggle all the blocks perfectly.
Correct Answer:
place each block on top of the other with intense concentration.
Glossary:
Centration: Focusing attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others.
Question 10
Four-year-old Nathan is good at stacking blocks to make tall structures. However, he knocks them down occasionally. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?
- His gross motor skills are underdeveloped.
- He tries to place each block perfectly on top of the other, upsetting those already stacked.
- His coordination skills are not developing normally for his age.
- He is showing signs of dyslexia.
Correct Answer:
He tries to place each block perfectly on top of the other, upsetting those already stacked.
Glossary:
Object Permanence: The Piagetian term for understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched.
Question 11
Fred and Wayne are 4-year-olds. When they are together, they often wrestle, run, race, push, and shove each other. Although their activities often aggravate their parents, these activities will
- help the boys develop their gross motor skills.
- stop when their brains become better myelinated.
- be temporary as they will not be friends for long.
- help the boys overcome narcolepsy.
Correct Answer:
help the boys develop their gross motor skills.
Glossary:
Gross Motor Skills: Motor skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as walking.
Question 12
Debra is a very active child. She loves to tumble and show off. She always tries, what her parents consider, hair-raising stunts. She also loves running and believes she can run faster than her parents. This type of activity level and confidence is most characteristic of
- 1-year-olds.
- 2-year-olds.
- 3-year-olds.
- 4-year-olds.
Correct Answer:
4-year-olds.
Glossary:
Sensorimotor Stage: The first of Piaget’s stages, which lasts from birth to about 2 years of age; infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motoric actions.
Question 13
Toby is three years old. His parents are concerned because he always runs and jumps around. He cannot sit still. Even when watching his favorite cartoon on TV, he fidgets and wiggles. It is especially frustrating for his parents when Toby does not sit still through dinner. Which of the following should Toby's parents do?
- They should have him tested for attention deficit disorder.
- They should enroll him in a behavior modification program.
- They should provide structured and cognitively challenging activities for Toby to develop his attention span.
- They should avoid panicking as Toby's behavior is normal for kids in his age group.
Correct Answer:
They should avoid panicking as Toby's behavior is normal for kids in his age group.
Glossary:
Attachment: A close emotional bond between two people.
Question 14
Irene is a 3-year-old girl. Her father takes her to a nearby park in the evening. In the context of the development of gross motor skills in children her age, identify an activity that Irene is mostly likely to do at the park.
- She will hop and jump just for the sheer delight of performing these activities.
- She will scramble over low jungle gyms to display her athletic prowess.
- She will perform hair-raising stunts on all climbing objects.
- She will run hard and enjoy races with her father and other children.
Correct Answer:
She will hop and jump just for the sheer delight of performing these activities.
Glossary:
Gross Motor Skills: Motor skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as walking.
Question 15
When 4- and 5-year-olds scramble over jungle gyms and race their friends, they demonstrate their
- cognitive skills.
- fine harboring skills.
- gross motor skills.
- reflective skills.
Correct Answer:
gross motor skills.
Glossary:
Gross Motor Skills: Motor skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as walking.