About This Chapter
This testing series focuses on including exam content related to topics including the parent-child relationships and the peer status. Presents offers practice assessments with verified answers, detailed explanations, and glossary definitions enhanced with glossary terms and precise definitions for key concepts. Complete glossary resources and concept definitions facilitate deeper understanding and term mastery.
The learning outcomes are:
✓ Describe changes in family relationships during middle childhood.
✓ Describe changes in peer relationships during middle childhood.
Question 1
Which of the following statements is true of the developmental changes in parent-child relationships?
- As children move into the middle and late childhood years, parents spend considerably less time with them.
- Parents play a minimal role in supporting children's academic achievement in middle and late childhood.
- Fathers are more likely than mothers to engage in a managerial role in parenting.
- Family management practices are positively related to school-related problems.
Correct Answer:
As children move into the middle and late childhood years, parents spend considerably less time with them.
Question 2
In the context of parent-child relationships, the major shift to autonomy with regard to children does not occur until about age ________ or later.
- nine
- sixteen
- twelve
- five
Correct Answer:
twelve
Question 3
Middle childhood is a period in which some control is transferred from parent to child. This process is gradual and produces
- deregulation.
- socioregulation.
- coregulation.
- bioregulation.
Correct Answer:
coregulation.
Glossary:
Conservation: In Piaget’s theory, awareness that altering an object’s or a substance’s appearance does not change its basic properties.
Question 4
Which of the following is a key developmental task as children move toward autonomy?
- regulating to have complete control over their own lives
- learning to relate to adults outside the family on a regular basis
- learning to live with deprivation of privileges
- exercising supervision and control of younger siblings
Correct Answer:
learning to relate to adults outside the family on a regular basis
Glossary:
Attachment: A close emotional bond between two people.
Question 5
In the context of developmental changes in parent-child relationships, which of the following is true of family management practices?
- They are positively related to students' grades.
- They are positively related to school-related problems.
- They are negatively related to students' self-responsibility.
- Fathers are more likely than mothers to engage in a managerial role in parenting.
Correct Answer:
They are positively related to students' grades.
Glossary:
Correlation Coefficient: A number based on statistical analysis that is used to describe the degree of association between two variables.
Question 6
Angie's mother allows her to schedule her study and relaxation time on her own and, in turn, expects Angie to continue doing well in school and to discuss her activities ahead of time. Her mother frequently checks on her school progress and talks to her about her problems and her social life. In this context, Angie's mother's approach to parent-child relationships is most likely to be a process of
- boundary ambiguity.
- latchkey control.
- unilateral control.
- coregulation.
Correct Answer:
coregulation.
Glossary:
Conservation: In Piaget’s theory, awareness that altering an object’s or a substance’s appearance does not change its basic properties.
Question 7
In the context of peer statuses, ________ children give out reinforcements, listen carefully, maintain open lines of communication with peers, are happy, control their negative emotions, act like themselves, show enthusiasm and concern for others, and are self-confident without being conceited.
- rejected
- controversial
- average
- popular
Correct Answer:
popular
Glossary:
Doula: A caregiver who provides continuous physical, emotional, and educational support for the mother before, during, and after childbirth.
Question 8
Anthony is rarely nominated as someone's best friend. He is actively disliked by many children in his class. In the context of peer statuses, Anthony would be classified as a(n) ________ child.
- controversial
- rejected
- neglected
- average
Correct Answer:
rejected
Glossary:
Rejected Children: Children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend and are actively disliked by their peers.
Question 9
Gavin is rarely nominated as a best friend, but his peers don't dislike him. In the context of peer statuses, Gavin would be classified as a(n) ________ child.
- controversial
- rejected
- neglected
- average
Correct Answer:
neglected
Glossary:
Neglected Children: Children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers.
Question 10
According to John Coie, which of the following is a reason why aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships?
- They are more impulsive and have problems sustaining attention.
- They are less emotionally reactive.
- They receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from their peers.
- They are unappreciated by their parents and teachers.
Correct Answer:
They are more impulsive and have problems sustaining attention.
Glossary:
Attention: The focusing of mental resources on select information.
Question 11
Benjamin, a student, sits at the back of the classroom. Only few children in the class know his name. He does not have any best friends, but he is not disliked by his classmates. Which of the following is Benjamin's probable peer status?
- popular
- neglected
- rejected
- controversial
Correct Answer:
neglected
Glossary:
Neglected Children: Children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers.
Question 12
Popular children
- are infrequently nominated as someone's best friend and are actively disliked by their peers.
- are infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers.
- receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from their peers.
- are frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers.
Correct Answer:
are frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers.
Glossary:
Popular Children: Children who are frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers.
Question 13
In the context of the five peer statuses distinguished by developmentalists, ________ are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked.
- controversial children
- average children
- neglected children
- rejected children
Correct Answer:
controversial children
Glossary:
Controversial Children: Children who are frequently nominated both as a best friend and as being disliked by their peers.
Question 14
How can rejected children be trained to interact more effectively with their peers?
- They should be kept isolated from their peers to prevent aggressive outbursts.
- They should be taught to more accurately assess whether the intentions of their peers are negative.
- They should be taught to stay away from their peers in order to prevent confrontations.
- They should be subjected to corporal punishment whenever they exhibit aggressive behavior toward their peers.
Correct Answer:
They should be taught to more accurately assess whether the intentions of their peers are negative.
Glossary:
Rejected Children: Children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend and are actively disliked by their peers.
Question 15
According to developmentalists, which of the following is a peer status among children?
- gifted children
- neglected children
- homeschooled children
- conforming children
Correct Answer:
neglected children
Glossary:
Neglected Children: Children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers.
Question 16
Most of Blanca's classmates call her a "bully," and many say that they "don't like her at all." Only few children consider her to be a friend. Which of the following is Blanca's probable peer status?
- popular
- neglected
- rejected
- controversial
Correct Answer:
rejected
Glossary:
Rejected Children: Children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend and are actively disliked by their peers.
Question 17
Which of the following statements is true of peer groups and peer interactions in middle and late childhood?
- Children in middle and late childhood spend approximately thirty percent of their time with peers.
- The size of the peer group decreases with the age of the child.
- Children under twelve years of age prefer mixed-sex peer groups to same-sex peer groups.
- As children move through middle and late childhood, peer interaction is more closely supervised by adults.
Correct Answer:
Children in middle and late childhood spend approximately thirty percent of their time with peers.
Question 18
Peer competence in middle and late childhood has been linked to
- better satisfaction in marriage in early adulthood.
- less depression in middle adulthood.
- better job performance in middle adulthood.
- better relationships with coworkers in early adulthood.
Correct Answer:
better relationships with coworkers in early adulthood.
Question 19
The extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group is called their ________ status.
- psychometric
- socioeconomic
- popularity
- sociometric
Correct Answer:
sociometric
Glossary:
Climacteric: The midlife transition during which fertility declines.