Leila, a 14-year-old girl, feels that nobody understands her, especially her parents and teachers. Leila's feelings reflect the ________ aspect of an adolescent's egocentrism.
- personal fable
- imaginary audience
- self-fulfilling prophecy
- collective myth
Personal Fable: The part of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent’s sense of uniqueness and invincibility (or invulnerability).
The ________ is the part of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invincibility.
- personal fable
- self-fulfilling prophecy
- imaginary audience
- collective myth
Personal Fable: The part of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent’s sense of uniqueness and invincibility (or invulnerability).
According to David Elkind, personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescent
- co-rumination.
- expression.
- egocentrism.
- solipsism.
Egocentrism: The inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s (salient feature of the first substage of preoperational thought).
Which of the following terms refers to a heightened self-consciousness of adolescents?
- mirror complex
- service learning
- hypothetical-deductive reasoning
- adolescent egocentrism
Adolescent Egocentrism: The heightened self-consciousness of adolescents.
The ________ is adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, as well as attention-getting behavior-attempts to be noticed, visible, and "on stage."
- personal fable
- stage fear
- imaginary audience
- collective myth
Imaginary Audience: Adolescents’ belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, as well as attention-getting behavior motivated by a desire to be noticed, visible, and “on stage.”
"I know I can handle the car at high speeds much better than others can," says 18-year-old Jake. This reflects the tendency of adolescents to engage in the ________ aspect of adolescent egocentrism.
- personal fable
- collective myth
- imaginary audience
- perspective taking
Personal Fable: The part of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent’s sense of uniqueness and invincibility (or invulnerability).
Fifteen-year-old Juanita wants to skip school because she is having a bad hair day and is convinced that everybody will notice and think badly of her. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism is Juanita experiencing?
- the personal fable
- the imaginary audience
- the fight-or-flight response
- the top-dog phenomenon
Imaginary Audience: Adolescents’ belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, as well as attention-getting behavior motivated by a desire to be noticed, visible, and “on stage.”
A national study of U.S. adolescents revealed that physical activity
- increased until 13 years of age but then declined through 18 years of age.
- in childhood and early adolescence would persist through to adulthood.
- increased until 13 years of age and then remained stable throughout adulthood.
- decreased until 13 years of age and then stabilized to last through 18 years of age.
Adolescent Egocentrism: The heightened self-consciousness of adolescents.
During the beginning of the ________ stage, when assimilation dominates, an adolescent's thoughts are full of idealism and possibilities.
- formal operational
- preconventional reasoning
- concrete operational
- conventional reasoning
Operations: In Piaget’s theory, these are reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they formerly did physically.
In contrast to Piaget's views, the development of formal operational thinking
- does not occur during adolescence.
- is promoted by education in the logic of science and mathematics.
- is unaffected by the influence of culture and education.
- is commonly seen among all American adults.
Scientific Method: An approach that can be used to obtain accurate information. It includes the following steps: (1) conceptualize the problem, (2) collect data, (3) draw conclusions, and (4) revise research conclusions and theory.
In the formal operational stage, adolescents begin to think more as a scientist thinks, devising plans to solve problems and systematically testing solutions. This type of problem solving requires ________.
- trial-and-error reasoning
- hypothetical-deductive reasoning
- concrete operational reasoning
- preconventional reasoning
Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning: Piaget’s formal operational concept that adolescents have the cognitive ability to develop hypotheses, or best guesses, about ways to solve problems.
The abstract quality of thinking during the ________ stage is evident in an adolescent's verbal problem-solving ability.
- passive operational
- concrete operational
- formal operational
- conventional reasoning
Operations: In Piaget’s theory, these are reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they formerly did physically.
In Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the ________ stage is proposed to be the fourth and final stage.
- concrete operational
- passive operational
- preconventional reasoning
- formal operational
Operations: In Piaget’s theory, these are reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they formerly did physically.
Which of the following is a concern related to U.S. high school education?
- high expectations for success
- high standards for learning
- fostering of passivity in students
- too much variety in the pathways students can take
Passive Genotype-Environment Correlations: Correlations that exist when the natural parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child.
Which of the following hormones is associated with breast, uterine, and skeletal development in girls?
- adrenaline
- estradiol
- somatostatin
- testosterone
Centration: Focusing attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others.
________ is a hormone associated in boys with genital development, increased height, and deepening of the voice.
- Testosterone
- Estrogen
- Estradiol
- Progestin
________ are powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.
- Carbohydrates
- Phospholipids
- Neurotransmitters
- Hormones
Hormones: Powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.
Fourteen-year-old Kent recently received his blood test results. The test results indicate an eighteenfold increase in testosterone levels and a twofold increase in estradiol levels over the past few years. It appears that Kent
- is experiencing normal changes during puberty.
- will be put on hormone therapy to correct the significant imbalances in hormonal levels.
- has abnormal levels of male sex hormones.
- has abnormal levels of female sex hormones.
Puberty: A period of rapid physical maturation, occurring primarily in early adolescence, that involves hormonal and bodily changes.
Thirteen-year-old Grace's blood tests indicate that her levels of testosterone are about twice as high as they were a few years ago and that her estradiol levels are about eight times higher than earlier. This indicates that Grace is most likely to
- undergo normal pubertal changes.
- be depressed and show extreme behavior.
- develop abnormal male physical characteristics.
- develop abnormal female physical characteristics.
Puberty: A period of rapid physical maturation, occurring primarily in early adolescence, that involves hormonal and bodily changes.
Which of the following terms refers to being aware of the options and alternatives that are available and adapting to the situation?
- self-concept
- hypothetical-deductive reasoning
- cognitive flexibility
- disequilibrium
In the context of cognitive control, having confidence in one's ability to adapt one's thinking to a particular situation is an aspect of ________.
- adolescent egocentrism
- self-efficacy
- service learning
- the top-dog phenomenon
Self-Efficacy: The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes.