About This Chapter
This assessment bank explores including exam content related to topics including the decision making, the dropout rates, the dropout rates; effective schools, the early and late maturation and the effective schools. Delivers thoroughly tested provides True/False questions featuring accurate responses, comprehensive explanations, and key term definitions enhanced with correct solutions and comprehensive answer explanations. Complete glossary resources and concept definitions facilitate deeper understanding and term mastery.
The learning goals consist of the following:
✓ Summarize the development of cognitive maturation.
✓ Summarize key aspects of how schools influence different stages of adolescent development.
✓ Describe the physical changes that occur during adolescence.
Question 1
George wants to ensure that his sons become competent decision makers. Which of the following is a strategy you would suggest for improving their decision making?
- Provide more opportunities for them to engage in role playing and peer group problem solving.
- Encourage the presence of peers in risk-taking situations.
- Supply contexts where substances and other temptations are readily available, testing their willingness to make risky decisions.
- Keep them in a sequestered environment where they will not have to face decision making in real-world contexts.
Correct Answer:
Provide more opportunities for them to engage in role playing and peer group problem solving.
Question 2
Gina, a 15-year-old, needs to assess a risky situation to quickly get the gist of what is happening and glean that the situation is a dangerous context. She is unlikely to benefit from engaging in reflective, detailed, higher-level cognitive analysis about a decision, especially as it is a high-risk, real-world context where she would get bogged down in trivial detail. This kind of decision making is explained by the
- cognitive model of emotion.
- fuzzy-trace theory dual-process model.
- tripartite model.
- heuristic-systematic persuasion model.
Correct Answer:
fuzzy-trace theory dual-process model.
Glossary:
Fuzzy-Trace Theory Dual-Process Model: States that decision making is influenced by two systems—“verbatim” analytical (literal and precise) and gist-based intuition (simple bottom-line meaning)—which operate in parallel; in this model, gist-based intuition benefits adolescent decision making more than analytical thinking does.
Question 3
The average U.S. high school dropout rates mask some very high dropout rates
- in high-income areas of the suburbs.
- among adolescents in the 13- to 15-year age group.
- among Asian American adolescents.
- in low-income areas of inner cities.
Correct Answer:
in low-income areas of inner cities.
Glossary:
Socioeconomic Status (SES): Refers to the grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.
Question 4
In the last half of the twentieth century and the first several years of the twenty-first century, U.S. high school dropout rates
- increased
- declined.
- remained unchanged.
- plateaued.
Correct Answer:
declined.
Question 5
Which of the following is a school-related reason for leaving school?
- poor economic condition
- pregnancy
- being expelled
- marriage
Correct Answer:
being expelled
Question 6
Identify a strategy that can help prevent students from dropping out of school.
- enrolling the students only in a community-based education and reducing parental monitoring
- providing early intervention for reading problems, tutoring, counseling, and mentoring
- facilitating and emphasizing peer learning
- using rotation model for the students in high school
Correct Answer:
providing early intervention for reading problems, tutoring, counseling, and mentoring
Question 7
A dropout prevention program functions by "adopting" entire grades from public elementary schools, or corresponding age cohorts from public housing developments. These children are then provided with a program of academic, social, cultural, and recreational activities throughout their elementary, middle school, and high school years. Identify this program.
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation program
- The Growing Together program
- "I Have a Dream" (IHAD) program
- The Teen Outreach Program (TOP)
Correct Answer:
"I Have a Dream" (IHAD) program
Glossary:
Identity Achievement: Marcia’s term for the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and have made a commitment.
Question 8
According to various research studies, early-maturing girls are more likely to ________ than late-maturing girls.
- have younger friends
- be taller and thinner
- graduate from high school
- have an eating disorder
Correct Answer:
have an eating disorder
Glossary:
Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Involves frequent binge eating but without compensatory behavior like the purging that characterizes bulimics.
Question 9
In a study by Simmons and Blyth (1987), in the sixth grade, early-maturing girls showed greater satisfaction with their figures than did late-maturing girls, but by the tenth grade, late-maturing girls were more satisfied. A possible reason for this is that in late adolescence, late-maturing girls are ________ than early-maturing girls.
- taller
- more intelligent
- more beautiful
- stockier
Correct Answer:
taller
Question 10
In the Berkeley Longitudinal Study some years ago, early-maturing boys perceived themselves ________ than did their late-maturing counterparts. When the late-maturing boys were in their thirties, however, they had developed a ________ than the early-maturing boys had.
- as an anomaly; stronger feeling of inadequacy
- more positively; stronger sense of identity
- as misfits; more negative self-image
- more negatively; deeper sense of regret
Correct Answer:
more positively; stronger sense of identity
Glossary:
Identity Achievement: Marcia’s term for the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and have made a commitment.
Question 11
Maggie is 14 years old and has not yet matured physically. According to recent research, which of the following will most likely occur by the time Maggie reaches tenth grade?
- She will be more satisfied with her figure than early-maturing girls.
- She will be less satisfied with her figure than early-maturing girls.
- She will be more likely to have an eating disorder than early-maturing girls.
- She will be more likely to drop out of school than early-maturing girls.
Correct Answer:
She will be more satisfied with her figure than early-maturing girls.
Question 12
The Carnegie Corporation evaluated U.S. middle schools and recommended that
- smaller "communities" or "houses" should be developed to lessen the impersonal nature of large middle schools.
- schools should increase the use of technology, computers, and skills that will be needed in the 21st century.
- schools should add more grade levels to encompass a wider age range to reflect differences in adolescent development.
- middle schools should be integrated with high schools so that younger adolescents can take advantage of having older adolescents as role models.
Correct Answer:
smaller "communities" or "houses" should be developed to lessen the impersonal nature of large middle schools.
Glossary:
Crowd: A larger group structure than a clique that is usually based on reputation; members may or may not spend much time together.