About This Chapter
This test collection assesses your grasp of subjects like the transition to college and the work. It presents meticulously developedion questions, includi,ng accurate solutions, comprehensive reasoning, and key term guides structured by difficulty ratings with accurate responses, detailed explanations, and glossary references. All items feature verified responses, thorough explanations, concept definitions, and complexity grades for optimal preparation.
The learning goals are as follows:
✓ Describe the transition from adolescence to adulthood.
✓ Summarize the transition to higher education and work in early childhood.
Question 1
Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves change and possible stress, so does the transition from high school to college. The two transitions have many parallels. Which of the following is one of them?
- movement to a more personal school structure
- increased parental monitoring
- the top-dog phenomenon
- decreased interaction with peers
Correct Answer:
the top-dog phenomenon
Glossary:
Top-Dog Phenomenon: The circumstance of moving from the top position in elementary school to the lowest position in middle or junior high school.
Question 2
According to the national survey conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, today's college students are ________ than students in previous generations.
- more depressed
- less depressed
- less mentally exhausted
- less stressed
Correct Answer:
more depressed
Glossary:
Major Depression: A mood disorder in which the individual is deeply unhappy, demoralized, self-derogatory, and bored. The person does not feel well, loses stamina easily, has poor appetite, and is listless and unmotivated. Major depression is so widespread that it has been called the “common cold” of mental disorders.
Question 3
According to the surveys conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, which of the following is true of college students?
- Among U.S. college freshmen, the interest in developing a meaningful philosophy of life has decreased.
- Concern for the well-being of others has remained the same among college students over the years.
- In recent years, traditional-aged college students have shown a decreased concern for personal well-being.
- An increasing number of first-year college students report having higher levels of stress and depression.
Correct Answer:
An increasing number of first-year college students report having higher levels of stress and depression.
Glossary:
Major Depression: A mood disorder in which the individual is deeply unhappy, demoralized, self-derogatory, and bored. The person does not feel well, loses stamina easily, has poor appetite, and is listless and unmotivated. Major depression is so widespread that it has been called the “common cold” of mental disorders.
Question 4
Which of the following is a positive feature of the transition from high school to college?
- decreased focus on achievement and its assessment
- opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values
- reduced peer pressure
- movement to a smaller, more personal school structure
Correct Answer:
opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values
Glossary:
Affordances: Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform functional activities.
Question 5
In interviews with 12- to 22-year-olds about finding their purpose in life, William Damon found that
- most expressed no aspirations and in some instances said they didn't see any reason to have aspirations.
- the largest percentage had engaged in some potentially purposeful activities, but they still did not have a real commitment or any reasonable plans for reaching their goals.
- most have a clear vision of where they want to go in life, what they want to achieve, and why.
- most of those who had engaged in service learning or career counseling had a commitment and reasonable plans for reaching their goals.
Correct Answer:
the largest percentage had engaged in some potentially purposeful activities, but they still did not have a real commitment or any reasonable plans for reaching their goals.
Glossary:
Commitment: Marcia’s term for the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in identity.
Question 6
As per the U.S. government's Occupational Outlook Handbook, which of the following statements is true of jobs?
- Projected job growth is independent of the educational requirements.
- According to the 2012-2013 handbook, service industries will generate the least number of new jobs in the next decade.
- Jobs that require a college degree are least expected to grow the fastest.
- Most of the highest-paying occupations require a college degree.
Correct Answer:
Most of the highest-paying occupations require a college degree.
Question 7
Which of the following is true of work patterns in the United States?
- Most individuals spend half of their time at work.
- Most Americans work less than 30 hours a week.
- More than a third of Americans work 40 hours a week.
- A majority of Americans work 51 hours or more per week.
Correct Answer:
More than a third of Americans work 40 hours a week.
Glossary:
Working Memory: A mental “workbench” where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.
Question 8
Which of the following is a trend in the U.S. workforce?
- decrease in the number of individuals who work at a series of jobs
- disappearance of short-term career paths for adults
- appearance of long-term careers for an increasing number of individuals
- disappearance of a long-term career for an increasing number of adults
Correct Answer:
disappearance of a long-term career for an increasing number of adults
Question 9
Which of the following statements is true about expectations at the workplace?
- Researchers Hall and Mirvis suggest that very few adults usually have changing expectations about work.
- Many workers today want less control over their work schedules.
- There is always absolute concurrence between the expectations of the employers and the expectations of the employees.
- Most employers offer very little flexibility to their employees.
Correct Answer:
Most employers offer very little flexibility to their employees.
Question 10
Identify the concept, recently described by Phyllis Moen, which reflects ingrained cultural beliefs that engaging in hard work for long hours through adulthood will produce a path to status, security, and happiness.
- the American dream
- the mythical career
- the career mystique
- the golden handshake
Correct Answer:
the career mystique
Question 11
Jared graduates from college and starts working as a sales executive in a company. He works extra hours on most days in the hopes of getting a quick promotion. Jared believes that working long hours will earn him financial security and help him lead a happy life. Jared most likely believes in what Phyllis Moen describes as the
- glass ceiling.
- mythical career.
- career mystique.
- golden handshake.
Correct Answer:
career mystique.
Glossary:
Care Perspective: The moral perspective of Carol Gilligan, which views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others.