About This Chapter
This exam set focuses on featuring exam questions on topics such as selective optimization with compensation theory. Offers a variety of presents practice questions with accurate answers, comprehensive explanations, and terminology definitions organized by complexity levels featuring correct answers, explanatory notes, and term definitions. Complete glossary resources and concept definitions facilitate deeper understanding and term mastery.
The learning objectives include:
✓ Summarize the theories of socioemotional development and aging.
Question 1
Which of the following is a compensation strategy suggested by Baltes and his colleagues?
- Focus on the most important goal at a particular time.
- To reach a particular goal, you may need to abandon other goals.
- Persevere and keep trying until you reach your goal.
- If things do not go well for you, be willing to let others help you.
Correct Answer:
If things do not go well for you, be willing to let others help you.
Glossary:
Acceptance: Kübler-Ross’ fifth stage of dying, in which the dying person develops a sense of peace, an acceptance of her or his fate, and, in many cases, a desire to be left alone.
Question 2
According to a cross-sectional study by Ursula Staudinger, which of the following is the least important investment for adults between 25 and 34 years of age?
- independence
- family
- friends
- work
Correct Answer:
independence
Question 3
The late Arthur Rubinstein, during his old age, maintained his status as an admired pianist by a few simple strategies. One of those was reducing the scope of his performances and playing fewer pieces. Which aspect of Baltes's theory does this reflect?
- selection
- organization
- optimization
- compensation
Correct Answer:
selection
Glossary:
Sensation: The product of the interaction between information and the sensory receptors—the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin.
Question 4
Selective optimization with compensation theory states that successful aging is related to three main factors:
- assortment, enhancement, and remuneration.
- reorganization, compensation, and optimization.
- selection, optimization, and compensation.
- remuneration, selection, and enhancement.
Correct Answer:
selection, optimization, and compensation.
Glossary:
Selective Optimization With Compensation Theory: The theory that successful aging is related to three main factors: selection, optimization, and compensation.
Question 5
A cross-sectional study by Ursula Staudinger found that for participants from 85 to 105 years old, ________ became the most important personal investment.
- work
- health
- family
- friends
Correct Answer:
health
Question 6
According to Paul Baltes and his colleagues, which of the following is an effective optimization strategy?
- To reach a particular goal, you may need to abandon other goals.
- Persevere and keep trying until you reach your goal.
- When things do not go as well as in the past, keep trying other ways until you can achieve results that are similar to what you accomplished earlier in your life.
- Think about what you want in life and commit yourself to one or two major goals.
Correct Answer:
Persevere and keep trying until you reach your goal.
Question 7
According to Paul Baltes and his colleagues, which of the following is an effective selection strategy?
- If things don't go well for you, be willing to let others help you.
- Persevere and keep trying until you reach your goal.
- Focus on the most important goal at a particular time.
- When things do not go the way they used to, search for other ways to achieve what you want.
Correct Answer:
Focus on the most important goal at a particular time.
Glossary:
Attention: The focusing of mental resources on select information.
Question 8
In order to maintain his status as an admired pianist, the late Arthur Rubinstein during his old age used special strategies, such as slowing down before fast segments, thus creating a perception of faster playing. Which factor of Baltes's theory does this reflect?
- selection
- optimization
- organization
- compensation
Correct Answer:
compensation
Glossary:
Sensation: The product of the interaction between information and the sensory receptors—the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin.
Question 9
When he was interviewed at 80 years of age, Arthur Rubinstein said that he spent more time at practice than earlier in his life. This helped maintain his status as an admired concert pianist. Which aspect of Baltes's theory does this reflect?
- selection
- organization
- optimization
- compensation
Correct Answer:
optimization
Glossary:
Fertilization: A stage in reproduction when an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote.
Question 10
Which of the following is true of selective optimization with compensation theory?
- It states that older adults can continue to lead satisfying lives, although in a more restricted manner.
- It emphasizes that the trajectory of motivation for knowledge-related goals peaks in early adulthood.
- It challenges the stereotype that the majority of older adults are in emotional despair because of their social isolation.
- It states that the more active older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives.
Correct Answer:
It states that older adults can continue to lead satisfying lives, although in a more restricted manner.
Glossary:
Selective Optimization With Compensation Theory: The theory that successful aging is related to three main factors: selection, optimization, and compensation.
Question 11
A cross-sectional study by Ursula Staudinger found that for adults from 35 to 54 years of age, ________ became most important in terms of personal investment.
- work
- independence
- friends
- family
Correct Answer:
family
Glossary:
Attachment: A close emotional bond between two people.
Question 12
According to Baltes, in which of the following scenarios is the need for compensation for older adults the most obvious?
- reminiscing on life's regrets
- watching soaps on TV
- being bedridden because of an illness
- narrating bedtime stories to grandchildren
Correct Answer:
being bedridden because of an illness
Glossary:
Chronic Disorders: Disorders that are characterized by slow onset and long duration. They are rare in early adulthood, increase during middle adulthood, and become common in late adulthood.
Question 13
According to Baltes, which of the following factors suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies?
- selection
- compensation
- optimization
- reorganization
Correct Answer:
optimization
Glossary:
Fertilization: A stage in reproduction when an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote.
Question 14
According to a cross-sectional study by Ursula Staudinger, which of the following is the most important investment for adults between 25 and 34 years of age?
- work
- family
- friends
- leisure activities
Correct Answer:
work
Question 15
A cross-sectional study by Ursula Staudinger found that for adults from 55 to 65 years of age, ________ became most important in terms of personal investment.
- work
- independence
- family
- friends
Correct Answer:
family
Glossary:
Attachment: A close emotional bond between two people.
Question 16
According to a cross-sectional study by Ursula Staudinger, ________ showed up for the first time on the most important list for those who were 85 to 105 years old.
- spending time with friends
- concerns about work
- thinking about cognitive fitness
- thinking about life
Correct Answer:
thinking about life
Glossary:
Life Span: The maximum number of years an individual can live. The life span of human beings is about 120 to 125 years of age.
Question 17
Selective optimization with compensation theory proposes that successful aging is related to three main factors. Which of these factors is based on the concept that older adults have a reduced capacity and loss of functioning, which require a reduction in performance in most life domains?
- selection
- optimization
- compensation
- remuneration
Correct Answer:
selection
Glossary:
Sensation: The product of the interaction between information and the sensory receptors—the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin.
Question 18
________ theory describes how people can produce new resources and allocate them effectively to the tasks they want to master.
- Activity
- Selective optimization with compensation
- Socioemotional selectivity
- Psychoanalytical
Correct Answer:
Selective optimization with compensation
Glossary:
Selective Optimization With Compensation Theory: The theory that successful aging is related to three main factors: selection, optimization, and compensation.
Question 19
According to Baltes, ________ becomes relevant when life tasks require a level of capacity beyond the current level of the older adult's performance potential.
- selection
- organization
- optimization
- compensation
Correct Answer:
compensation